Bahasa Inggris2

Simple Present tense

In English grammar, the simple present tense is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event that is ongoing or that regularly takes place in present time (for example, "He crieseasily"). Except in the case of be, the simple present is represented in English by either the base form of the verb (e.g., "I/You/We/They sing") or the base form plus the third-person singular -s inflection ("She sings").

Example For Simple Present tense

# For habits

He drinks ice at breakfast.

they bathe regularly.

She only eats chiken.


# For repeated actions or events

We catch the train every morning.

It rains every evening in the hot season.

They drive to london every summer.


# For general truths

The sun sets in the West.

Money doesn't guarantee happiness.

Flowers don't grow in the winter.


Present Continuous tense

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.

Example For Present Continuous tense

- Do you hear something ?

- She is not staying in Bekasi

- Mr. Aris was teaching English in campus right now

- I am smoke

- We are reading a newspaper now

- Mr. Bambang is not going to office


Simple Past tense

In English grammar, the simple past is a verb tense (the second principal part of a verb) indicating action that occurred in the past and which does not extend into the present.
The simple past tense (also known as the past simple or preterite) of regular verbs is marked by the ending -d, -ed, or -t. Irregular verbs have a variety of endings. The simple past is not accompanied by helping verbs.

Example For Simple Past tense

What time did your sister leave for Bandung ?

I did not sleep last night

Lia and I met yesterday.

In the end, Lia did not show up.

Last Sunday, we went to Puncak together

Did My Father buy this car last year ?


Past Continuous tense

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

Example For Past Continuous tense

What was she doing at 5 am this morning?

The door was knocked while I was studying.

I was shopping at this time yesterday.

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

I was eating when she called

What is subject verb agreement?

Subject verb agreement refers to the fact that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number. In other words, they both must be singular or they both must be plural. You can’t have a singular subject with a plural verb or vice versa. The tricky part is in knowing the singular and plural forms of subjects and verbs.


Singular and plural subjects, or nouns, are usually pretty easy. In most cases the plural form of a noun has an “s” at the end.

Like this:
Car – singular
Cars – plural

Verbs don’t follow this pattern, though. Adding an “s” to a verb doesn’t make a plural. Here’s what I mean:

Walk
Walks

Which one is the singular form and which is the plural form? Here’s a tip for you. Ask yourself which would you use with the word they and which would you use with he or she.

He walks.
She walks.
They walk.

Since he and she are singular pronouns walks is a singular verb. The word they is plural sowalk is the plural form.


Example for Subject Verb Agreement,


A car and a bike are my means of transportation.

He runs four miles every day.

Some of the money is missing.

The scissors are on the table.

Some of the money is missing.

The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.

Is mumps caused by a virus.

They ride the school bus in the afternoon

Breaking and entering is against the law.
The bed and breakfast was charming.


Kind Of Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used so that our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in a paragraph. Some examples of pronouns include I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself,we, us, ours and ourselves. You may have noticed that they tend to come in sets of four, all referring to the same person, group or thing.
He, him, his and himself, for example, all refer to a male person or something belonging to him
They, them, theirs and themselves all refer to a group or something belonging to a group, and so on.

The truth is that there are many different types of pronouns, each serving a different purpose in a sentence.


Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns can be the subject of a clause or sentence. They are: I, he, she, it, they, we, and you. Example: “They went to the campus.”
Personal pronouns can also be objective, where they are the object of a verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. They are: me, her, him, it, you, them, and us. Example: “David gave the gift to her.”
Possession can be shown by personal pronouns, like: mine, his, hers, ours, yours, its, and theirs. Example: “Is this mine or yours?”


Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns are often (but not always) found at the beginning of a sentence. More precisely, the subject of a sentence is the person or thing that lives out the verb.


- To him, I must now pay my children's college funds. – If you'll notice, the verb in this sentence – the action – is "pay." Although I is not at the beginning of the sentence, it is the person living out the action and is, therefore, the subject.

- I owe that person $3,000. – I am living out that debt. I is the subject pronoun

- You speak very quickly


Object Pronouns

By contrast, objects and object pronouns indicate the recipient of an action or motion. They come after verbs and prepositions (to, with, for, at, on, beside, under, around, etc.).

- Listen to me carefully

- We watch them on TV

- She talks to us


Subject vs. Object Pronouns

There is often confusion over which pronouns you should use when you are one half of a dual subject or object. For example, should you say:


- Me and him had a fight." or "He and I had a fight?

- The police arrested me and him." or "The police arrested he and I?



Some people will tell you that you should always put the other person first and refer to yourself as "I" because it's more proper, but those people are wrong. You can put the other person first out of politeness, but you should always use the correct pronouns (subject or object) for the sentence.
A good test to decide which one you need is to try the sentence with one pronoun at a time. Would you say, "Me had a fight?" Of course not. You'd say, "I had a fight." What about, "Him had a fight?" No, you'd say, "He had a fight." So when you put the two subjects together, you get, "He and I had a fight." The same rule applies to the other example.
You wouldn't say, "The police arrested he," or, "The police arrested I."
You would use "him" and "me."

So the correct sentence is, "The police arrested him and me."

Possessive Adjectives vs. Possessive Pronouns

Pronominal possessive adjectives include the following: my, your, our, their, his, her and its. They are sort of pronouns in that they refer to an understood noun, showing possession by that noun of something. They are technically adjectives, though, because they modify a noun that follows them.



- I gambled it all away on your race horse.

- His jockey was too fat.

- My money is all gone.



In all of these examples, there is a noun (money, race horse, jockey) that has not been replaced with a pronoun. Instead, an adjective is there to show whose money, horse and jockey we’re talking about.
Possessive pronouns, on the other hand – mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its – are truly pronouns because they refer to a previously named or understood noun. They stand alone, not followed by any other noun. For comparison's sake, look at this sentence:

- You have your vices, and I have mine.

There are two types of pronouns here: subject (you/I) and possessive (mine). There's also a possessive adjective (your). We'll deal with the subject pronouns momentarily, but for now, just look at the others.
Your is followed by the noun, vices, so although we know that your refers to you, it is not the noun or the noun substitute (pronoun). Vices is the noun. In the second half of the sentence, however, the noun and the possessive adjective have both been replaced with one word – the pronoun, mine. Because it stands in the place of the noun, mine is a true pronoun whereas your is an adjective that must be followed by a noun.
Indefinite Pronouns

These pronouns do not point to any particular nouns, but refer to things or people in general. Some of them are: few, everyone, all, some, anything, and nobody. Example: “Isdhia walked in and handed the piece of paper to someone.

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies. Here is an example:
The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.


Intensive Pronouns

These pronouns are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun. These are: myself, himself, herself, themselves, itself, yourself, yourselves, and ourselves. Example: “You can make yourselves at home”

Demonstrative Pronouns

There are five demonstrative pronouns: these, those, this, that, and such. They focus attention on the nouns that are replacing. Examples: “Such was his understanding.” “ These are the most comfortable.”


Interrogative Pronouns

These pronouns are used to begin a question: who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever. Example: “Who will design the new logo?”
Reflexive Pronouns

There is one more type of pronoun, and that is the reflexive pronoun. These are the ones that end in “self” or "selves." They are object pronouns that we use when the subject and the object are the same noun.


- He accidentally cut himself while he was chopping the vegetables.

- She bought a present for herself.



We also use them to emphasize the subject.

- The author signed the book for me herself!

referensi :
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/simple-past-tense/
http://grammar.about.com/od/grammarfaq/a/Does-The-English-Language-Have-A-FutureTense.html
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp